Análisis del manejo de Pontederia crassipes (Liliopsida): una perspectiva integral
Palavras-chave:
enfoque ecosistémico, lirio acuático, manejo sostenible, resiliencia, ecología del paisaje.Resumo
Antecedentes. El aumento en el intervalo de distribución de las plantas acuáticas invasoras (PAI) amenaza a los ecosistemas de agua dulce. No obstante, el estado del arte de la biología de las invasiones se ha centrado en los métodos de control, rasgos invasivos e impactos al ecosistema, pero poco en las interacciones invasor- ecosistema, que permita ampliar el entendimiento del fenómeno y proponer medidas de gestión integral Objetivos. Este artículo de revisión sistematiza la información disponible de Pontederia crassipes en un marco de manejo integral. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis de coocurrencia con el software Vosviewer® para identificar y evaluar las diferentes líneas de conocimiento. Con base en criterios para la conservación del paisaje, se realizó un análisis cualitativo y narrativo para discutir el manejo ecosistémico e integral de P. crassipes. Resultados. A partir de 1970 las investigaciones de la especie aumentaron exponencialmente, India, China y Sudáfrica destacaron en sus aportaciones del control y manejo. Las principales líneas de investigación identificadas en el análisis bibliométrico fueron “Biosorción y tratamiento de aguas”, “Aprovechamiento, composta y biocombustible”, “Control de malezas y ecosistemas”, “Fitorremediación y metales pesados” y “Humedales artificiales y remoción de nutrientes”. Las tendencias muestran un camino favorable para el enfoque integral de P. crassipes. No obstante, aún falta acentuar esfuerzos en aspectos sociales y políticos, factores antrópicos, procesos a nivel de cuenca y multi-escala. Se proponen trece cambios de paradigmas, inspirados en criterios basados en la ecología del paisaje. Conclusiones. El manejo de P. crassipes deberá de considerar el contexto local, el manejo conjunto especie-ecosistema y esquemas adaptativos de largo plazo. Este estudio aporta un marco general para el manejo integral de P. crassipes y vislumbra aproximaciones conceptuales y prácticas.
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