Nuevas adiciones al conocimiento de la actividad antibiótica de macroalgas marinas mexicanas

Abstract

It was studied the antibacterial activity of 57 seaweed species collected in the intertidal and reef zones of 19 coastal localities of the Gulf of Mexio and Mexican Caribbean sea. Crude extracts were obtained using, ethanol, acetone and water as solvents, they were tested against four pure bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shygella sonnei and Streptococcus pyogenes. The extracts of 31 species (54%) showed some degree of antibacterial activity, from them 16 were highly active showing inhibition zones higher than 10 mmm; 15 has moderate activity with inhibition zones lower than 10 mm. From the 31 active species 29% (9), were Chlorophyta, the 19%(6) were Phaeophyta and the 52% (16) Rhodophyta. The variation of antibacterial activity related to the locality or time of collection was observed in: Digenea simplex, Gracilaria cornea, Laurencia intricata, L. obtusa and L. papillosa. The extracts of Liagora farinosa, Dasycaldus vernicularis and Lobophora variegata presented the highest inhibiton zones and a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. This is the first report of antibiotic activity on Cladophora sericea (chlorophyta), Padina boergesenii (Rhodophyta), Gracilaria cornea, G. venezuelensis, Laurencia intricata, Prionitis pterocladina and Pterocladia pinnata recommend acetone as a suitable solvent for this kind of extractions.