Are invasive barnacles displacing native species? Patterns of settlement and co-occurrence in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico
Palabras clave:
Amphibalanus, coastal lagoon, Gulf of Mexico, marine invasions, settlementResumen
Background: Barnacles are among the most successful invasive invertebrates worldwide. In the Gulf of Mexico, invasive barnacle species coexist with native species. In Laguna de Términos, Campeche, previous studies have recorded two invasive species: Amphibalanus amphitrite and A. reticulatus. However, native populations typically dominated on natural substrates. Goals: This study provides the first evidence of the dominance of invasive barnacles on artificial substrates in the region. This research was part of a broader investigation on the diversity and spatial distribution of invertebrate recruitment in seagrass meadows, using collectors not specifically designed for sessile organisms. Methods: Three seagrass meadow sites, each over 7 km apart and varying degrees of wave exposure, were selected to assess spatial variability in meadow-associated organism community. Artificial seagrass units made of plastic straps were strategically deployed at the center, edge, and outside of each meadow during the summer. Upon retrieval, a significant abundance of barnacles prompted a detailed analysis of this community. Results: Invasive species dominated all three sites, comprising 55% of total barnacle settlements, while native species accounted for 45%. Among invasive species, A. amphitrite was the most abundant (94%), followed by A. reticulatus (6%). Among native species, A. eburneus was the most abundant (74%), followed by A. venustus (18%) and A. improvisus (8%). Significant differences were found by site (p<0.01) and by meadow zone between invasive and native (p<0.05). Conclusions: We observed a possible displacement of native barnacles by the invasive barnacles, based on previous studies concerning natural substrates in Laguna de Términos. However, our study focused on artificial substrates, where ecological dynamics may differ. There is no conclusive evidence of displacement, and the potential impact remains uncertain, whether temporary or permanent.
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