Effect of symbiotic administration on growth and intestinal microbiota variation of pacú (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in recirculating aquaculture systems
Keywords:
growth, intestinal content, Piaractus mesopotamicus, symbiotics, RASAbstract
Background. The application of symbiotics in aquaculture holds potential as a growth promoter and substitute for antibiotics, while also improving water quality and nutrient digestibility. Goals. This study aimed to assess the impact of symbiotics on the growth and bacterial populations dynamics of the intestinal contents of pacú (Piaractus mesopotamicus) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Methods. 87-day cultures of P. mesopotamicus were conducted in RAS under three conditions: 1) food-mixed with symbiotic, 2) activated symbiotic directly added to the water and 3) control treatment (without symbiotic). The evaluation included growth parameters, water quality, and bacterial populations in both the water and intestinal content. Results. Under these conditions pacú showed isometric growth, and no significant differences were found between treatments for food conversion ratio and Fulton condition factor. Regarding the performance of the recirculating system, there were no differences in pH, dissolved oxygen and ammonia removal by the biofilter. However, pacú exhibited high ammonia tolerance (0.62 mg/L) in the 87-day cultures when the symbiotic was mixed with the food. Additionally, final weights and specific growth rate were significantly higher (5.4 g and 0.0321 days-1, respectively) compared to the other conditions. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, seven bacterial populations were identified in the intestinal content of pacú and in the culture water: Microbacterium, Variovorax, Prosthecobacter, Bacillus, Asaccharospora, Turicibacter sanguinis, and Limnohabitans planktonicus. Conclusions: symbiotics mixed with food, significantly promoted the growth of P. mesopotamicus and enhanced ammonia tolerance in RAS. These results set a benchmark in the study of the length-weight relationship of P. mesopotamicus, the biofilter´s capability to remove ammonia, and the relationship between symbiotics and bacterial dynamics in the water and intestinal content during pacú crops in RAS.
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