Biodegradación de antibióticos por desnitrificación y efectos sobre la fisiología, cinética y comunidades microbianas desnitrificantes
Biodegradación de antibióticos y sus efectos en la desnitrificación
Keywords:
Genes desnitrificantes, genes de resistencia a antibióticos, mineralización, oxidación de antibióticos, reducción de nitratoAbstract
Antecedentes. La contaminación del agua por nitrato y antibióticos ha ido creciendo a lo largo de los años, por lo que el proceso desnitrificante puede ser una buena alternativa para la eliminación simultánea de ambos compuestos. Objetivo. Mostrar el papel de la desnitrificación en la eliminación de antibióticos, así como los efectos de estos compuestos sobre la fisiología y cinética del proceso respiratorio, los genes y las poblaciones microbianas desnitrificantes. Resultados. Existen estudios sobre la eliminación de diferentes antibióticos bajo condiciones desnitrificantes, sin embargo, en la mayoría de los trabajos, el destino de la materia carbonada y nitrogenada consumida se desconoce. Antibióticos como las sulfonamidas y tetraciclinas provocan efectos negativos sobre el proceso desnitrificante al disminuir la eficiencia de eliminación de nitrato, su velocidad de consumo y propiciar la acumulación de nitrito. Se reportaron géneros desnitrificantes como Thauera y Pseudomonas como resistentes y/o tolerantes ante la presencia de diferentes antibióticos pertenecientes a las fluoroquinolonas, macrólidos, tetraciclinas y β-lactámicos, así como mezclas de éstos. La disminución de la abundancia y expresión génica de genes que participan en la desnitrificación como nirS y nosZ, fue observada en presencia de sulfonamidas, efecto que podría causar la acumulación de nitrito y óxido nitroso, ocasionando un posible cuello de botella en el proceso desnitrificante. En microorganismos desnitrificantes expuestos a antibióticos han sido detectados genes de resistencia a antibióticos, los cuales podrían actuar como mecanismos de defensa ante su presencia. Conclusiones. La información contenida en la presente revisión contribuye al conocimiento sobre el proceso desnitrificante, proponiendo su uso para llevar a cabo una eliminación más eficiente y estable de nitrato y antibióticos presentes en aguas contaminadas.Downloads
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2022-08-24
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Banda-Soriano, Y. ., Oltehua López, O. ., Anne-Claire Texier, & Cuervo López, F. de M. . (2022). Biodegradación de antibióticos por desnitrificación y efectos sobre la fisiología, cinética y comunidades microbianas desnitrificantes: Biodegradación de antibióticos y sus efectos en la desnitrificación. HIDROBIOLÓGICA, 32(1), 59–70. Retrieved from https://hidrobiologica.izt.uam.mx/hidrobiologica/index.php/revHidro/article/view/1657
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