%PDF-1.3 % 3 0 obj << /Length 6298 >> stream 1.000 g /GS2 gs 36.000 801.000 m 36.000 801.000 l f q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 9 477.7864 755.5022 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc 0.0278 Tw (Hidrobiolgica 2004, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 547.5745 755.5022 Tm 0.0222 Tw (14 \(1\): 61-68)Tj /F6 1 Tf 16 0 0 20 157.6659 690.7781 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0186 Tw (Application of holistic and analytical models for the managemen)Tj 17.8748 0 TD [(t of tilapia fisheries in reserv)7.6(oirs)]TJ -18.2672 -2.4 TD (Aplicacin de modelos holsticos y analticos para el manejo de)Tj 17.6342 0 TD [( pesqueras de tilapia en embalses)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.8 0 0 11 495.2975 605.3534 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Lourdes Jimnez-Badillo )Tj /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 121.4255 570.0266 Tm [(Centro de Ecologa y Pesqueras. Universidad V)36.4(eracruzana. Luis )]TJ 24.7498 0 TD (Castelazo s/n. Fracc. Industrial las nimas. Km 3.5 de la carre)Tj 24.0557 0 TD [(tera Xalapa-Las T)73.2(rancas,)]TJ -37.613 -1.2 TD [(Xalapa, V)36.7(eracruz, Mxico. Apdo. Postal 663. 91000. T)73.6(elf: \(228\))]TJ 24.3069 0 TD [( 8-13-60-59. Fax: \(228\) 8-12-57-46. E-mail: ljimenez@uv)49.3(.mx)]TJ ET 0.000 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 107.058 545.811 m 588.948 545.811 l S BT 7.2 0 0 9 107.9179 523.1404 Tm (Jimnez-Badillo L. 2004. Application of holistic and analytical)Tj 23.931 0 TD [( models for the management of tilapia fisheries in reservoirs. )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 24.056 0 TD (Hidrobiolgica 14)Tj /F4 1 Tf 7.0431 0 TD (\(1\): 61-68)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 326.6822 492.7547 Tm 0.0000 Tw (ABSTRACT)Tj /F3 1 Tf -21.1733 -1.2889 TD -0.0154 Tw (Reservoir fisheries are widely disseminated around the world. T)Tj 26.8824 0 TD (heir scarcely regulated exploitation justifies the)Tj -26.8824 -1.2889 TD 0.0021 Tw (use of models to achieve a precautory management. As an example)Tj 28.6401 0 TD ( of the utility of holistic and analytic models)Tj -28.6401 -1.2889 TD -0.0021 Tw (to analyse reservoir fisheries, it is presented the specific ca)Tj 25.3748 0 TD -0.0022 Tw (se of the tilapia fishery in the Infiernillo reservoir in)Tj -25.3748 -1.2889 TD 0.0410 Tw (Mexico. Schaefer and Fox models permitted an understanding of t)Tj 28.2664 0 TD [(he history of fishery)36.3(, while the current state)]TJ -28.2664 -1.2889 TD -0.0091 Tw (of the stock was examined by applying Beverton & Holt, Cohort A)Tj 27.4636 0 TD (nalysis of Jones and Thompson & Bell models.)Tj -27.4636 -1.2889 TD 0.1630 Tw (Recommendations for the management of the fishery were based on)Tj 30.3661 0 TD [( simulation processes. Applying those)]TJ -30.3661 -1.2889 TD 0.0247 Tw (models, it was found that the tilapia fishery surpassed its sus)Tj 26.0863 0 TD (tainable yield in 1988. In 1993 the fishery reached)Tj -26.0863 -1.2889 TD 0.0333 Tw (a new state of equilibrium. At present the fishery is in a dete)Tj 25.9068 0 TD (riorated state. The fishing impact is on organisms)Tj -25.9068 -1.2889 TD -0.0046 Tw (in the reproductive stage. The current maximum sustainable yiel)Tj 27.1366 0 TD (d is 8,698 tons. Simulation processes show that)Tj -27.1366 -1.2889 TD 0.0161 Tw (an increase in the mesh of the gill nets up to 10 cm and a decr)Tj 26.4709 0 TD (ease in the fishery effort down to 20,000 gill nets)Tj -26.4709 -1.2889 TD 0.0356 Tw (and 3,100 fishermen could help the fishery to recuperate. Holis)Tj 26.7717 0 TD (tic and analytical models are useful to evaluate)Tj -26.7717 -1.2889 TD 0.0222 Tw (reservoir fisheries.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 0 -2.5778 TD 0.0255 Tc 0.3323 Tw (Key words: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.6658 0 TD (Reservoir fisheries, fishery management, tilapia management, ti)Tj 28.9821 0 TD (lapia fisheries, holistic and)Tj -34.648 -1.2889 TD 0.0249 Tc 0.0222 Tw (analytical models.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 21.3247 -2.5778 TD 0.0000 Tw (RESUMEN)Tj /F3 1 Tf -21.3247 -1.2889 TD 0.0430 Tw (Las pesqueras de embales estn ampliamente diseminadas alreded)Tj 29.1419 0 TD (or del mundo. La escasa regulacin en su)Tj -29.1419 -1.2889 TD 0.0639 Tw (explotacin justifica el uso de modelos para lograr su manejo p)Tj 27.4249 0 TD (recautorio. Como un ejemplo de la utilidad de)Tj -27.4249 -1.2889 TD 0.0303 Tw (los modelos holsticos y analticos para analizar pesqueras en)Tj 26.749 0 TD [( embalses, se presenta el caso especfico de la)]TJ -26.749 -1.2889 TD 0.0027 Tw (pesquera de tilapia en la presa Infiernillo, Mxico. La aplica)Tj 25.6424 0 TD (cin de los modelos de Schaefer y Fox permitieron)Tj -25.6424 -1.2889 TD 0.1532 Tw (entender la situacin de la pesquera en el pasado, mientras qu)Tj 28.4298 0 TD (e el estado actual del stock fue analizado)Tj -28.4298 -1.2889 TD 0.1367 Tw (aplicando los modelos de Beverton & Holt, Anlisis de Cohortes )Tj 28.5969 0 TD (de Jones y Thompson & Bell. A travs de)Tj -28.5969 -1.2889 TD 0.0924 Tw (procesos de simulacin se establecieron propuestas para el mane)Tj 28.8576 0 TD (jo de la pesquera. La aplicacin de estos)Tj -28.8576 -1.2889 TD 0.3169 Tw (modelos permiti detectar que la pesquera de tilapia en Infier)Tj 29.2505 0 TD (nillo sobrepas su mximo rendimiento)Tj -29.2505 -1.2889 TD 0.0216 Tw (sostenible en 1988 y en 1993 alcanz un nuevo estado de equilib)Tj 27.2989 0 TD (rio. Actualmente la pesquera se encuentra en)Tj -27.2989 -1.2889 TD 0.1353 Tw (un estado deteriorado y registra un rendimiento mximo sostenib)Tj 28.6454 0 TD (le de 8 698 toneladas. La incidencia de la)Tj -28.6454 -1.2889 TD 0.0380 Tw (pesca es sobre organismos en estado reproductivo. El proceso de)Tj 28.2934 0 TD [( simulacin mostr que un incremento en la)]TJ -28.2934 -1.2889 TD -0.0205 Tw (abertura de malla de las redes agalleras con que es capturada l)Tj 26.8379 0 TD (a tilapia a 10 cm y un decremento en el esfuerzo)Tj -26.8379 -1.2889 TD 0.0775 Tw (pesquero por debajo de 20 000 redes agalleras y 3 100 pescadore)Tj 28.4119 0 TD (s, podra contribuir a la recuperacin de la)Tj -28.4119 -1.2889 TD 0.1921 Tw (pesquera. Los modelos holsticos y analticos son herramientas)Tj 28.4064 0 TD [( tiles en la evaluacin de pesqueras en)]TJ -28.4064 -1.2889 TD 0.0000 Tw (embalses.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 0 -2.5778 TD 0.1647 Tw (Palabras clave: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.227 0 TD (Reservoir fisheries, fishery management, tilapia management, ti)Tj 27.9398 0 TD (lapia fisheries, holistic and)Tj -35.1668 -1.2889 TD 0.0222 Tw (analytical models.)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 4 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F5 8 0 R /F6 9 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 11 0 R >> >> endobj 14 0 obj << /Length 8970 >> stream 1.000 g /GS2 gs 36.000 801.000 m 36.000 801.000 l f q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 79.3819 753.2464 Tm 0.000 g -0.0252 Tc 0.0000 Tw (62)Tj ET 1.000 g 482.848 74.091 77.424 -17.008 re 85.400 753.246 m f* BT /F7 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 9 513.3347 66.6834 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc (Hidrobiolgica)Tj ET 1.000 g 78.382 733.327 233.149 -645.063 re 559.451 66.683 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 157.998 724.3861 Tm 0.000 g (INTRODUCTION)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 99.2244 704.7995 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.0332 Tw [(T)59.7(ilapias fishery supports some of the main reservoir fis-)]TJ -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0935 Tw [(heries established around the world \(Petr)69.9(, 1987; W)29.7(e)-0.1(lcomme,)]TJ T* -0.0076 Tw (1988; Crul & Roest, 1995; Ochumba )Tj /F8 1 Tf 14.5703 0 TD (et al)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8141 0 TD (., 1992; Remane, 1997\).)Tj -16.3843 -1.25 TD 0.0107 Tw (Despite the enormous benefits that tilapia fisheries have pro-)Tj T* 0.1474 Tw (vided, particularly to rural communities, producing nutritive)Tj T* 0.0993 Tw (food at low cost, generating employment and producing so-)Tj T* 0.1758 Tw (cio-economic changes that have contributed to community)Tj T* 0.0273 Tw (development \(Sugunan, 1995\), few efforts have been made to)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (manage their exploitation, based on scientific models.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0239 Tc 0.3289 Tw (In the past, tilapia characteristics such as its fast)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.1081 Tw (growth, multiple spawning, high resistance to disease, con-)Tj T* 0.0493 Tw (sumption of a variety of foods and its adaptation to freshwa-)Tj T* -0.0220 Tw (ter and marine environments \(Keenleyside, 1991\), encouraged)Tj T* 0.0791 Tw (its dissemination in several reservoirs without any desirable)Tj T* 0.0198 Tw (control. The consequence of this lack of management is that,)Tj T* 0.1050 Tw (at present, the tilapia is dispersing around the world and in)Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (some cases has displaced native fish in the competition for)Tj T* 0.1210 Tw [(breeding space and feeding \(Rosas, 1976; W)29.8(elcomme, 1988;)]TJ T* 0.0222 Tw (Sugunan, 1995\).)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0167 Tw [(T)59.7(ilapia populations in the majority of reservoirs were in-)]TJ -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0141 Tw (troduced from Africa in stocks of few ancestors and dissemi-)Tj T* 0.0236 Tc 0.3292 Tw [(nated from these to other reservoirs \(W)29.6(elcomme, 1988\).)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.1398 Tw [(Consequently)36.8(, the genetic pool is probably much deteriora-)]TJ T* 0.0000 Tw (ted.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0183 Tw [(Currently)36.8(, tilapia fisheries in Mauritania, Indonesia, Ma-)]TJ -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0150 Tw [(dagascar)69.8(, India, Egypt, Africa and Mexico, are notably deple-)]TJ T* 0.0251 Tc 0.3277 Tw (ted. The consequences of overexploitation and genetics)Tj T* 0.0199 Tc -0.0005 Tw (include a reduction in mean capture size, an early sexual ma-)Tj T* 0.0218 Tc 0.3310 Tw [(turation, deformities in their morphology)36.6(, endogamy)36.7(, etc.)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.0029 Tw [(\(Petr)69.7(, 1987; Morales, 1991; Ochumba )]TJ /F8 1 Tf 15.3211 0 TD 0.0030 Tw (et al)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8246 0 TD 0.0029 Tw (., 1992; Crul & Roest,)Tj -17.1457 -1.25 TD 0.0765 Tw (1995; Sugunan, 1995; Remane 1997\). Therefore a careful ma-)Tj T* 0.0652 Tw (nagement with consideration for ecological, genetic and fis-)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (hery factors is required.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0212 Tw (Holistic models are satisfactorily used to evaluate mari-)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.1045 Tw (ne and freshwater fisheries when catch and effort data are)Tj T* 0.0996 Tw (available, which is not very common. These models analyze)Tj T* -0.0150 Tw [(the historical tendency of the fishery)36.9(. While analytical models)]TJ T* 0.0401 Tw (based on the age or length structure of the population, show)Tj T* -0.0132 Tw (the present status of the stock and are be able to forecast the)Tj T* 0.1294 Tw (future status when one fishery is exploited under the same)Tj T* 0.0494 Tw (pattern. So these models are a useful tool in fisheries mana-)Tj T* 0.0000 Tw (gement.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0591 Tw (As an example of the utility of holistic and analytic mo-)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.2567 Tw (dels in supporting the management of reservoir fisheries,)Tj T* 0.3121 Tw (here present their application in one important reservoir)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (fishery in Mexico.)Tj ET 1.000 g 327.122 734.260 233.150 -645.996 re 146.978 106.867 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 378.1033 725.3182 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc [(MA)59.7(TERIALS AND METHODS)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 347.9646 705.7317 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.0141 Tw (The Infiernillo Dam is an important Mexican reservoir of)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD -0.0264 Tw (34 600 ha, 35 m in mean depth, 70 m in maximum depth and 120)Tj T* 0.0749 Tw [(km length, located at 18o 16 30 N and 101o 53 40 W)49.9(,)0( bet-)]TJ T* 0.2492 Tw (ween Michoacan and Guerrero states \(Jurez, 1995\). The)Tj T* 0.1974 Tw (main tilapia fishery of Mexico is established here and the)Tj T* 0.0156 Tw (most abundant species caught is )Tj /F8 1 Tf 14.1016 0 TD (Oreochromis aureus)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.7954 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (\(Stein-)Tj -22.8971 -1.25 TD 0.1013 Tw (dachner\). Current fishing activity is carried out by 1 861 fis-)Tj T* 0.1505 Tw (hermen on 669 fibre glass boats with outboard motors, 560)Tj T* 0.0040 Tw (wooden boats paddled and 18 435 gill nets of 35 m length, 3 m)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (wide, 8.3 and 10.8 cm mesh size.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD -0.0284 Tw (Thirteen years of data on the tilapia catch and fishing ef-)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.1312 Tw (fort in Infiernillo reservoir were obtained from the Regional)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (Fishing Office in Nueva Italia, Michoacan, Mexico.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD -0.0062 Tw (These data were used to analyse the historical trends of)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD -0.0297 Tw (the fishery applying the holistic models of Schaefer \(1954\) and)Tj T* -0.0065 Tw [(Fox \(1970\) according to Sparre and V)36.9(enema \(1995\). A calculus)]TJ T* 0.2224 Tw (sheet was used to carry out a lineal adjustment between)Tj T* 0.0643 Tw (catch per unit effort \(Y/f \) and the effort \(f\) in the first mo)Tj 24.4217 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (del)Tj -24.4217 -1.25 TD 0.0304 Tw (and between natural logarithm of the catch per unit effort \(ln)Tj T* 0.1184 Tw [(Y/f\) and the effort \(f\) in the second. T)74.1(wo fishing effort units)]TJ T* 0.1784 Tw (were considered in the analysis: number of fishermen and)Tj T* -0.0240 Tw [(number of gill nets. The optimum fishing effort \(F)-217.7(\) and the ma-)]TJ T* -0.0310 Tw [(ximum sustainable yield \(MSY\) which assures the stock)74.1(s )]TJ 23.8414 0 TD 0.0400 Tc 0.0000 Tw (long)Tj -23.8414 -1.25 TD -0.0116 Tw (term sustainability were obtained from those relationships.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.1972 Tw (The daily tilapia catch during one year was obtained)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.1870 Tw [(from the purchases registry)36.9(, in thirteen landing places. In)]TJ T* 0.0534 Tw (four of them, which represent 70 % of the captures, samples)Tj T* 0.0048 Tw (of fish length and weight were obtained in order to determine)Tj T* 0.2751 Tw (the length and weight structure of the population. Those)Tj T* 0.0503 Tw (structures were extrapolated to the other landing places ac-)Tj T* -0.0135 Tw [(cording to Gulland \(1966\) and Sparre and V)37(enema \(1995\) in or-)]TJ T* 0.0340 Tw (der to have a representative length distribution of the annual)Tj T* 0.1128 Tw [(total catch. The economic value of the catch was recorded)]TJ T* 0.0000 Tw (too.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0139 Tw [(T)89.8(o)0( analyse the present state of the stock, analytical mo-)]TJ -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0219 Tw (dels such as Beverton and Holt \(1957\), Cohort Analysis of Jo-)Tj T* -0.0229 Tw (nes \(1984\) and Thompson and Bell \(1934\), were applied, based)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (on length structure of the population.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.1040 Tw (The input data on tilapia growth, mortality and recruit-)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD -0.0243 Tw (ment parameters used in those models were: L)Tj /F-9 1 Tf 19.367 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw ()Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.9504 0 TD 0.0199 Tc -0.0244 Tw (= 478 mm, K=)Tj -20.3175 -1.25 TD 0.0414 Tw (0.46 annual, t)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 378.3571 168.2987 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (o)Tj 9 0 0 10 381.687 170.2987 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.0414 Tw (= -0.055 annual, W)Tj /F-9 1 Tf 7.8126 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw ()Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.0162 0 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0414 Tw (= 3 446 g, Z = 3.5, M = 1.4,)Tj -14.7805 -1.25 TD 0.0783 Tw (F = 2.1, Lr = 93 mm, estimated by Jimnez \(in press\) and the)Tj T* 0.0372 Tw (gill net selectivity parameters: Lma = 176 mm, Lmb = 231 mm,)Tj T* 0.0471 Tw (Lc = 176 mm, estimated by Jimnez )Tj /F8 1 Tf 15.2236 0 TD 0.0470 Tw (et al)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8687 0 TD (. \(2001\). These para-)Tj -17.0923 -1.25 TD 0.1801 Tw (meters were estimated using opercular and scale lectures)Tj T* 0.1630 Tw (and length frequency analysis, considering tilapias ranging)Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 495.803 752.9856 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Jimnez-Badillo, L)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F-9 16 0 R /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 17 0 R /F9 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 11 0 R >> >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Length 4464 >> stream 1.000 g /GS2 gs 36.000 801.000 m 36.000 801.000 l f q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n 566.123 762.909 22.495 -16.765 re 36.015 800.985 m f* BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 581.2969 753.2464 Tm 0.000 g -0.0252 Tc 0.0000 Tw (63)Tj ET 1.000 g 106.728 74.091 77.720 -16.750 re 587.315 753.246 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 107.7283 67.3152 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc 0.0222 Tw [(V)36.9(ol. 14 No. 1 2004)]TJ ET 1.000 g 106.728 734.563 233.150 -648.635 re 171.822 67.315 m f* BT 9 0 0 10 107.7283 348.3592 Tm 0.000 g 0.0199 Tc 0.2801 Tw (from 40 to 335 mm standard length and Saila non linear)Tj 0 -1.25 TD 0.0222 Tw (growth model \(Saila )Tj /F8 1 Tf 8.6862 0 TD (et al)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8438 0 TD (., 1988\).)Tj -8.3253 -1.9887 TD 0.0495 Tw (The yield per recruit model of Beverton and Holt \(1957\),)Tj -2.2047 -1.28 TD 0.1436 Tw [(in conjunction with the FISA)74(T package, made it possible to)]TJ T* 0.0335 Tw (develop yield isopleths relative to recruitment. Their analysis)Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (throughout the simulation process varying the length at first)Tj T* 0.1081 Tw (capture \(Lc\) and the fishing mortality rate \(F\), together with)Tj T* -0.0229 Tw (the gill net selectivity analysis made by Jimnez \(1999\) and Ji)Tj 25.3505 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (-)Tj -25.3505 -1.28 TD 0.0199 Tc (mnez )Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.0338 0 TD 0.0811 Tw (et al)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.9027 0 TD (. \(2001\), suggested the best mesh opening of the)Tj -4.9365 -1.28 TD 0.0877 Tw (gill nets for catching tilapias. This model also provided esti-)Tj T* 0.0830 Tw (mates of the maximum sustainable yield per recruit \(MSY/R\))Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (and the optimum fishing mortality rate \(F)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 260.7437 200.7726 Tm 0.0265 Tc 0.0000 Tw (MSY)Tj 9 0 0 10 274.032 200.7726 Tm 0.0000 Tc (/)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 276.7125 200.7726 Tm (R)Tj 9 0 0 10 280.6448 200.7726 Tm 0.0198 Tc (\). )Tj -17.0082 -1.9587 TD -0.0132 Tw [(T)89.8(o)0( analyze the fishing effect on a particular annual class)]TJ -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.1494 Tw (of the stock, the length structure of the population derived)Tj T* 0.1539 Tw (from the daily catch samples during one year was used to)Tj T* 0.0180 Tw (apply a Cohort Analysis of Jones \(1984\). The weight in the to-)Tj T* -0.0069 Tw (tal catch was transformed to number of individuals per length)Tj T* -0.0224 Tw (group, using elevation factors considering the length distribu-)Tj T* -0.0319 Tw [(tion frequency)36.8(, according to Sparre and V)36.9(enema \(1995\). T)89.8(o)0( es-)]TJ T* 0.2444 Tw (tablish the terminal value of F that permitted starting the)Tj ET 1.000 g 355.468 734.563 233.150 -646.299 re 339.059 93.686 m f* BT 9 0 0 10 356.4685 348.3592 Tm 0.000 g 0.0636 Tw (cohort analysis, an iterative procedure was used with 0.5 as)Tj T* 0.1570 Tw (initial value. The cohort analysis was carried out changing)Tj /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 107.7283 752.7076 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.0221 Tw (Management of tilapia reservoir in fisheries)Tj ET 1.000 g 107.014 734.529 480.461 -329.159 re 244.414 752.708 m f* q 295.873 0 0 319.075 199.264 410.462 cm /Im1 Do Q 106.891 404.931 479.689 -29.353 re f* BT 9 0 0 9 107.8914 397.4332 Tm 0.000 g 0.0819 Tw [(Figure 1. Optimum yield and fishing effort \(MSY)114.7(, F)]TJ 4.725 0 0 4.725 286.3882 395.6332 Tm 0.0475 Tc 0.0000 Tw (MSY)Tj 9 0 0 9 295.4633 397.4332 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.0819 Tw [(\) for tilapia fishery in the Infiernillo reservoir)69.5(, based on Sc)]TJ 23.0829 0 TD (haefer and Fox models,)Tj -43.9242 -1.335 TD 0.0221 Tw (considering thirteen years of data of catch per unit effort \(Y/)Tj 23.5552 0 TD (f\), where effort unit was nets and fishermen separately \(f\).)Tj ET 1.000 g 355.871 301.892 232.746 -166.827 re 525.029 385.419 m f* Q q 1 i 355.871 301.892 232.746 -166.827 re W* n q 233.031 0 0 166.973 355.754 134.996 cm /Im2 Do Q Q q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n 355.750 134.567 232.677 -46.690 re f* BT /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 356.7501 127.0701 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc 0.0821 Tw [(Figure 2.Y)17.7(ield and biomass per recruit \(Y/R, B/R\) for )]TJ /F8 1 Tf 8.1 0 0 9 545.2498 127.0701 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0000 Tw (Oreochromis)Tj -23.2716 -1.2 TD (aureus)Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 383.9813 116.2701 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.2798 Tw (in function of the fishing mortality rate \(F\). Maximum)Tj -3.0257 -1.2 TD 0.3306 Tw (sustainable yield per recruit \(MSY/R\), fishing effort optimum)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (\(Fmsy\), first catch length \(Lc\).)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 21 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB ] /Font << /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F8 17 0 R /F9 18 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 22 0 R /Im2 23 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 11 0 R >> >> endobj 25 0 obj << /Length 10021 >> stream 1.000 g /GS2 gs 36.000 801.000 m 36.000 801.000 l f q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n 78.382 734.563 233.149 -646.299 re 36.015 800.985 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 79.3819 290.4045 Tm 0.000 g 0.0199 Tc 0.1053 Tw (the F value at random every time. When the difference bet-)Tj 0 -1.25 TD 0.0413 Tw (ween the observed catch per unit effort \(Y/)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 243.6738 275.9045 Tm 0.0285 Tc 0.0000 Tw (fobs)Tj 9 0 0 10 255.2401 277.9044 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.0413 Tw (.\) and the esti-)Tj -19.5398 -1.25 TD 0.1923 Tw (mated catch per unit effort \(Y/f)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 203.7691 263.4045 Tm 0.0284 Tc 0.0000 Tw (est)Tj 9 0 0 10 212.0055 265.4045 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.1923 Tw (.\) was zero, the optimum)Tj -14.736 -1.25 TD -0.0191 Tw (value for F)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 118.4938 250.9044 Tm 0.0285 Tc 0.0000 Tw (terminal)Tj 9 0 0 10 142.5796 252.9045 Tm 0.0199 Tc -0.0191 Tw (was established and the cohort analysis was)Tj -7.022 -1.25 TD 0.1234 Tw (finished. The Y/)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 139.4628 238.4045 Tm 0.0285 Tc 0.0000 Tw (fobs)Tj 9 0 0 10 154.3162 240.4044 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.1233 Tw (corresponded to the purchases register)Tj -8.326 -1.25 TD 0.2458 Tw (and the Y/)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 121.6013 225.9045 Tm 0.0284 Tc 0.0000 Tw (fest)Tj 9 0 0 10 131.768 227.9045 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.2458 Tw (. was derived from the relationship between)Tj -5.8207 -1.25 TD 0.1016 Tw (mean mortality rate, mean biomass and effort. This analysis)Tj T* -0.0061 Tw (was carried out on an iterative calculus sheet designed on Q-)Tj T* 0.1231 Tw (Proo package, following the mathematics functions presen-)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (ted in Jones \(1984\).)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.1464 Tw (As the total catch in one year with a daily periodicity)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0241 Tw (was available, this model provided an estimation of the stock)Tj T* 0.0290 Tw (size \(N\), which should have existed to produce such a catch.)Tj T* -0.0327 Tw (The mean annual biomass \(Bm\) of all cohorts, the yield \(Y\) and)Tj T* 0.0306 Tw (the number of individuals that died due to fishing and natural)Tj T* 0.0659 Tw (causes were estimated too. The fishing pattern \(F\) at the In-)Tj /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 79.3819 753.2464 Tm -0.0252 Tc 0.0000 Tw (64)Tj ET 1.000 g 482.848 74.091 77.424 -17.008 re 85.400 753.246 m f* BT /F7 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 9 513.3347 66.6834 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc (Hidrobiolgica)Tj ET 1.000 g 327.122 734.563 233.150 -646.459 re 559.451 66.683 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 328.1221 726.3438 Tm 0.000 g 0.0199 Tc 0.1522 Tw (fiernillo was established by the fishing mortality per length)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (group \(F\(L\)\). )Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD -0.0070 Tw (Those results related to the tilapia economic value were)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.1342 Tw (incorporated to the Thompson and Bell \(1934\) model imple-)Tj T* 0.0526 Tw [(mented with FISA)74(T package, to forecast the future effects of)]TJ T* 0.1107 Tw (several fishing effort levels on the stock biomass, yield and)Tj T* -0.0057 Tw (economic value. Several fishing scenarios were simulated in-)Tj T* 0.0422 Tw (creasing fishing mortality from 20 to 200 % and diminishing it)Tj T* -0.0241 Tw (from 20 to 80 %, in order to establish recommendations for fis-)Tj T* 0.0466 Tw (hery management. The maximum sustainable economic yield)Tj T* -0.0212 Tw [(\(MSE\) was also estimated according with Sparre and V)37(enema)]TJ T* 0.0000 Tw (\(1995\).)Tj /F2 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 422.717 545.2336 Tm 0.0249 Tc [(RESUL)57.7(TS)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 347.9646 525.347 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.0694 Tw (Infiernillo reservoir was flooded in 1964. The tilapia fis-)Tj -2.2047 -1.28 TD 0.0958 Tw (hery started in 1970. Since then on the production had fluc-)Tj T* 0.2131 Tw [(tuated between 3 000 and 19 000 t annually)36.9(, according to)]TJ T* 0.0946 Tw (historical data. The highest production was reached in 1987)Tj T* 0.0633 Tw (when the reservoir occupied the first place in Latin America)Tj T* 0.0280 Tw (\(Jarez, 1995\). After that, the tendency was to decrease until)Tj T* -0.0163 Tw (it dropped to 4 770 t in 1999, which represents only 25 % of th)Tj 25.1835 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (e)Tj -25.1835 -1.28 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0222 Tw (highest level registered.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9887 TD 0.0104 Tw (The Schaefer and Fox models applied to these data pro-)Tj -2.2047 -1.28 TD 0.0403 Tw (vided the yield curves shown in figure 1. The MSY and FMSY)Tj T* 0.1083 Tw (levels for each fishing effort unit are also indicated. Accor-)Tj T* -0.0229 Tw (ding to both models, the optimum effort level was exceeded in)Tj T* 0.2352 Tw (1988, when 28 422 nets were operating. One year before,)Tj T* -0.0171 Tw (when 16 150 nets were operating, the fishery reached the hig-)Tj T* -0.0143 Tw [(hest catch \(18 953 t\) in its history)36.9(. Maybe this situation enco)]TJ 24.8306 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (u-)Tj -24.8306 -1.28 TD 0.2439 Tw [(raged the entrance of 76 % more nets for the next year)70(.)]TJ T* 0.0489 Tw [(Consequently)36.8(, the production dropped to 15 076 tons. The in-)]TJ T* -0.0326 Tw (sufficient control of tilapia exploitation, led to a continuous)Tj 24.3796 0 TD -0.0325 Tw [( in-)]TJ -24.3796 -1.28 TD 0.0222 Tw (crease of nets, until it reached 32 750 nets in 1992.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9887 TD 0.0414 Tw (The 3 486 registered fishermen in 1986 dropped to 2 343)Tj -2.2047 -1.28 TD -0.0004 Tw (in 1992 and 1 861 for 1999. Probably this reflects the migratio)Tj 25.1835 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (n)Tj -25.1835 -1.28 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.1664 Tw (of fishermen to other activities, caused by the low income)Tj T* 0.0344 Tw [(from fishing activity)36.9(. This drop in the fishing effort is only )]TJ 24.3108 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (ap-)Tj -24.3108 -1.28 TD 0.0489 Tw (parent, because in the last few years, the use of nets has ri-)Tj T* 0.0130 Tw (sen to an average of fifteen per fisherman, whereas in 1987 it)Tj T* 0.0466 Tw (was only five per fisherman. Therefore, the fishing effort has)Tj T* 0.0154 Tw (actually increased, with a consequent decrease in the catch. )Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0240 Tw (After exceeding its maximum sustainable levels, the fis-)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0704 Tw (hery reached a new state of equilibrium in 1993. In this year)Tj T* -0.0174 Tw (the yield per recruit was 127.7 g/recruit and the fishing morta)Tj 25.3505 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (-)Tj -25.3505 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc -0.0191 Tw (lity rate was 2 \(Figure 2\). This means that the fishery was nea)Tj 25.3506 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (r)Tj -25.3506 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0465 Tw (its new point of equilibrium \(MSY/R\), established at 132 g/re-)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (cruit and the F)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 382.9001 94.2871 Tm 0.0284 Tc 0.0000 Tw (0.1)Tj 1.1953 0.7857 TD 0.0000 Tc (1)Tj 9 0 0 10 395.7836 96.2871 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.0222 Tw [(level of 1.2, had been exceeded.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 495.803 752.9856 Tm 0.0249 Tc (Jimnez-Badillo, L)Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 9 150.3533 666.5879 Tm -0.0001 Tc 4.5451 Tw [(Y)17.7(ield Mean )4522.9(Biomass)-4217(V)36.9(alue)]TJ -5.8111 -1.7038 TD 0.0221 Tw [(F)-5280.7(\(tons\))-6470.7(\(tons\))-5596.8(\($ * 10)]TJ 5.04 0 0 6.3 287.7069 654.4033 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (3)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 289.9439 651.2533 Tm (\))Tj -25.6018 -1.7039 TD -0.0002 Tc [(0.0)-4514.3(0,000.00)-5554.7(18,945.58)-5110.8(0000.00)]TJ T* [(0.4)-4514.2(3,122.57)-5554.7(13,933.96)-4924.9(5)-0.1(,546.49)]TJ T* [(0.8)-4514.2(5,183.54)-5554.7(10,421.43)-4925(9)-0.1(,008.68)]TJ T* [(1.2)-4514.3(6,533.55)-5943.8(7,947.93)-4575(11,122.27)]TJ T* [(1.6)-4514.2(7,407.86)-5943.7(6,197.27)-4575.2(12,369.86)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 8.1 0 0 9 89.1526 559.2454 Tm 0.0000 Tc (1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 9 105.6113 559.2454 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(2.0)-4514.2(7,964.52)-5943.7(4,951.26)-4575.2(13,067.32)]TJ T* [(2.4)-4514.2(8,309.83)-5554.7(4,058.77)-4964.1(13,420.56)]TJ T* [(2.8)-4514.2(8,515.24)-5554.7(3,414.80)-4964.1(13,563.03)]TJ T* [(3.2)-4514.2(8,628.75)-5554.7(2,946.13)-4964.1(13,584.59)]TJ T* [(3.6)-4514.2(8,682.53)-5554.7(2,601.57)-4964.1(13,527.41)]TJ T* [(4.0)-4514.2(8,698.09)-5554.7(2,345.22)-4964.1(13,437.83)]TJ T* [(4.4)-4514.2(8,689.67)-5554.7(2,151.85)-4964.1(13,332.50)]TJ T* [(4.8)-4514.2(8,666.78)-5554.7(2,003.68)-4964.1(13,223.66)]TJ T* [(5.2)-4514.2(8,635.57)-5554.7(1,888.13)-4964.1(13,118.16)]TJ T* [(5.6)-4514.2(8,600.05)-5554.7(1,796.28)-4964.1(13,019.44)]TJ T* [(6.0)-4514.2(8,562.76)-5554.7(1,721.80)-4964.1(12,928.93)]TJ 2.2772 -1.7038 TD 0.0223 Tw [(MSY =)-517(8,698.09)-9098(F =)-2552.4(4)]TJ T* 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (B)Tj 5.4 0 0 6.75 126.4049 375.2297 Tm -0.0002 Tc (MSY)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 136.6038 375.2297 Tm [(=)-622.5(2,307.42)]TJ -2.0273 -1.7038 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw [(MSE =)-96.9(13,584.60)-9074.1(F =)-2552.3(3)]TJ T* 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (B)Tj 5.4 0 0 6.75 126.4049 344.5605 Tm -0.0002 Tc (MSE)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 138.3615 344.5605 Tm [(=)-378.3(3,082.72)]TJ -8.177 -1.7039 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (1 Scenario in 1993)Tj ET 0.000 G 0 J 0 j 0.125 w 10 M []0 d 264.410 523.628 m 296.683 523.628 l 264.335 508.952 m 296.817 508.952 l S 264.219 523.549 m 264.219 508.799 l 296.817 523.612 m 296.817 508.862 l S 1 w 78.487 675.062 m 311.630 675.062 l S BT /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 79.4872 726.9499 Tm 0.0149 Tc 0.0055 Tw [(T)74(able 1. Results of the simulation process based on the Thompso)]TJ 24.4045 0 TD (n &)Tj -24.4045 -1.2 TD 0.0349 Tc 0.3358 Tw (Bell model, using different fishing scenarios. The maximum)Tj T* 0.0219 Tc 0.3259 Tw (sustainable yield \(MSY\), maximum sustainable economic yield)Tj T* 0.0149 Tc 0.1127 Tw (\(MSE\), the corresponding biomass \(B)Tj 6.75 0 0 6.75 207.6721 694.55 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.0000 Tw (MSY)Tj 9 0 0 9 220.0775 694.55 Tm 0.0149 Tc 0.1127 Tw (, B)Tj 6.75 0 0 6.75 229.9912 694.55 Tm 0.0198 Tc 0.0000 Tw (MSE)Tj 9 0 0 9 242.0175 694.55 Tm 0.0149 Tc 0.1127 Tw (\) and their optimum)Tj -18.0589 -1.2 TD 0.0222 Tw (fishing mortality rate \(F\) are presented.)Tj ET 0.125 w 78.202 647.676 m 311.345 647.676 l 78.303 402.588 m 311.447 402.588 l 78.487 340.735 m 311.630 340.735 l 141.040 494.008 m 173.313 494.008 l 140.965 479.332 m 173.448 479.332 l S 140.849 493.930 m 140.849 479.180 l 173.448 493.991 m 173.448 479.241 l S 1 w 78.152 323.929 m 311.296 323.929 l S Q endstream endobj 26 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 17 0 R /F9 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 11 0 R >> >> endobj 28 0 obj << /Length 9790 >> stream 1.000 g /GS2 gs 36.000 801.000 m 36.000 801.000 l f q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n 566.123 762.909 22.495 -16.765 re 36.015 800.985 m f* BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 581.2969 753.2464 Tm 0.000 g -0.0252 Tc 0.0000 Tw (65)Tj ET 1.000 g 106.728 74.091 77.720 -16.750 re 587.315 753.246 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 107.7283 67.3152 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc 0.0222 Tw [(V)36.9(ol. 14 No. 1 2004)]TJ ET 1.000 g 106.728 734.563 233.150 -646.299 re 171.822 67.315 m f* BT 9 0 0 10 127.5709 313.8957 Tm 0.000 g 0.0199 Tc 0.1225 Tw (In absolute terms, the new maximum sustainable yield)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD -0.0242 Tw (was estimated at 8 698 tons, and the maximum economic yield)Tj T* 0.1274 Tw (at $ 13,584,600)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 163.6626 292.3958 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (2)Tj 9 0 0 10 169.963 288.8957 Tm 0.0199 Tc 0.1274 Tw [(\(1 234 964 USD\) \(T)79.8(able 1\). In 1993, the yield)]TJ -6.915 -1.25 TD 0.1209 Tw (was 7 964 t and the economic value $ 13,067,320 \(1 187 938)Tj T* 0.0476 Tw [(USD\). This confirms that in that year)69.8(, the new state of equili-)]TJ T* 0.0222 Tw (brium was reached.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD -0.0320 Tw (The simulation process results show a scenario in which)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD -0.0235 Tw (when duplicating or increasing the fishing mortality rate 50 %,)Tj T* 0.0641 Tw [(an increment in the yield and the economic benefit could be)]TJ T* -0.0290 Tw [(reached \(T)79.8(able 1\), but it is a dangerous strategy because it re)]TJ 25.3505 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (-)Tj -25.3505 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0246 Tw [(presents only an increase over 8% and 4%, respectively)37(, ver-)]TJ T* 0.0210 Tc 0.3318 Tw (sus the risk of exceeding once again the new state of)Tj T* 0.0199 Tc 0.0437 Tw (equilibrium and the abrupt decrease in the catch per unit ef-)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (fort. Then the better strategy is to reduce the fishing effort.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.1245 Tw (The Cohort Analysis provided a similar yield of 7 957 t)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD -0.0010 Tw (and it estimated that a population of around 358 million indivi)Tj 25.3505 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (-)Tj -25.3505 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0221 Tw [(duals should have existed to provide this catch \(T)80(able 2\). The)]TJ ET 1.000 g 355.468 734.563 233.150 -646.299 re 339.058 99.722 m f* BT 9 0 0 10 356.4685 313.8957 Tm 0.000 g 0.0763 Tw (F estimation by length group showed heavy fishing pressure)Tj T* 0.1689 Tw (on individuals from 150 to 200 mm standard length, caught)Tj T* -0.0254 Tw (mainly with gillnets of 8.3 cm of mesh size \(Figure 3\). The adu)Tj 25.1637 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (lt)Tj -25.1637 -1.25 TD 0.0222 Tw (population is scarcely removed by fishing.)Tj 2.2047 -2.0587 TD 0.1648 Tw (In the simulation process it was evident that a better)Tj -2.2047 -1.35 TD -0.0295 Tw (yield per recruit had been reached when the length of the first)Tj T* 0.0052 Tw (catch was established at 210 mm and the fishing mortality ra-)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (te maintained between 3.2 and 4 \(Figure 4\).)Tj /F2 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 441.7727 169.8012 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.0000 Tw (DISCUSSION)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 376.311 150.2146 Tm 0.0199 Tc -0.0087 Tw (After being an excellent option in food production at low)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0991 Tw (cost, the tilapia fishery is now insufficient to satisfy the de)Tj 25.3505 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (-)Tj -25.3505 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0513 Tw (mand due to the continuous drop in the captures. This situa-)Tj T* 0.0270 Tc 0.3258 Tw [(tion is reflected in the yield of 0.17 kg/m)]TJ 6.3 0 0 7 531.8141 116.2147 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (2)Tj 9 0 0 10 534.8536 112.7146 Tm 0.0269 Tc 0.3259 Tw (/year for the)Tj -19.8206 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0390 Tw (Infiernillo reservoir and the yield from 0.25 to 0.65 kg/m)Tj 6.3 0 0 7 565.4322 103.7147 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (2)Tj 9 0 0 10 568.4083 100.2146 Tm 0.0199 Tc (/year)Tj /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 107.7283 752.7076 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.0221 Tw (Management of tilapia reservoir in fisheries)Tj ET 1.000 g 106.580 709.564 481.698 -368.449 re 244.414 752.708 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 9 122.7827 696.4119 Tm 0.000 g -0.0001 Tc 0.0223 Tw [(Length)-3143.7(Capture)-4604.9(N)-9313.9(F\(L\))-3142.9(Z\(L\))-3618.7(Nm)-4469.4(W)29.8(eight)-3241.1(Mean annual)-3069(Y)17.7(i)-0.1(eld)-4252.1(N)-0.1(d)]TJ 0.1564 -1.7039 TD 0.0000 Tw [(group)-2594.1(\(individuals\))-1753.9(\(individuals\))]TJ 5.4 0 0 6.75 262.4223 681.0771 Tm 0.0000 Tc (F)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 264.8191 681.0771 Tm (\()Tj 5.4 0 0 6.75 266.8195 681.0771 Tm (L)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 269.2163 681.0771 Tm -0.0003 Tc (\)/)Tj 5.4 0 0 6.75 273.2171 681.0771 Tm 0.0000 Tc (Z)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 275.9171 681.0771 Tm (\()Tj 5.4 0 0 6.75 277.9175 681.0771 Tm (L)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 280.3143 681.0771 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(\))-9589.5(\(individuals\))-3633.6(\(g\))-4716.6(Biomass)-4065.2(\(tons\))-2258.6(\(individuals\))]TJ -22.3767 -3.0927 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0222 Tw [(130 - 140)-3563.3(797,726)-2627(75,900,275)-4076.4(0.11)-1871.9(0.17)-2974.3(1.65)-2816.8(4,561,059)-3811.6(91.2)-4352.3(416,032.210)-3215.9(7)]TJ 54.3184 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(2.764)-2897(6,750,367)]TJ -54.3184 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(140 - 150)-2972.8(2,326,245)-2551.8(68,352,181)-4076.4(0.27)-1871.9(0.56)-2974.3(2.04)-2816.8(4,173,630)-3811.6(112.0)-3908.4(467,351.3)]TJ 49.7711 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(55)-2845.2(260.486)-2823.9(6,176,973)]TJ -49.7711 -1.7039 TD 0.0222 Tw [(150 - 160)-2972.8(5,681,577)-2551.8(59,848,964)-4076.4(0.51)-1871.9(1.56)-2974.3(3.04)-2816.8(3,642,353)-3811.6(135.6)-3908.4(493,898.0)]TJ 49.7711 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(70)-2845.2(770.414)-2823.9(5,390,682)]TJ -49.7711 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(160 - 170)-2421.6(11,773,100)-2659.1(48,776,705)-4076.4(0.74)-1871.9(4.18)-2974.3(5.66)-2816.8(2,816,894)-3811.6(162.3)-3908.4(457,038.)]TJ 49.3272 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(558)-2254.6(1)-0.1(,910.175)-2748.6(4,169,004)]TJ -49.3272 -1.7039 TD 0.0222 Tw [(170 - 180)-3012.1(9,823,324)-2512.5(32,834,601)-4076.4(0.78)-1871.9(5.20)-2974.3(6.68)-2816.8(1,889,020)-3811.6(192.1)-3908.4(362,876.6)]TJ 49.7711 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(45)-2254.6(1,887.040)-2748.6(2,795,749)]TJ -49.7711 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(180 - 190)-3012.1(5,999,338)-2512.5(20,215,529)-4076.4(0.77)-1871.9(4.99)-2974.3(6.47)-2816.8(1,202,091)-3811.6(225.3)-3908.4(270,846.8)]TJ 49.7711 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(10)-2254.6(1,351.729)-2748.6(1,779,095)]TJ -49.7711 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(190 - 200)-3012.1(2,257,433)-2512.5(12,437,096)-4076.4(0.65)-1871.9(2.76)-2974.3(4.24)-3388.6(817,504)-3905.6(262.1)-3908.4(214,236.096)]TJ 53.5039 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(591.585)-2823.9(1,209,906)]TJ -53.5039 -1.7039 TD 0.0222 Tw [(200 - 210)-3012.1(1,125,021)-2982.2(8,969,757)-4050.6(0.55)-1871.9(1.79)-2974.3(3.27)-3388.6(629,267)-3905.6(302.5)-3908.4(190,358.189)-2845.2(3)]TJ 53.9478 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(40.328)-3469.4(931,314)]TJ -53.9478 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(210 - 220)-3563.3(640,109)-3096.7(6,913,422)-4050.6(0.46)-1871.9(1.25)-2974.3(2.73)-3388.6(511,363)-3905.6(346.8)-3908.4(177,350.035)-2845.2(222)]TJ 54.8354 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(.001)-3469.4(756,818)]TJ -54.8354 -1.7039 TD 0.0222 Tw [(220 - 230)-3563.3(409,315)-3096.7(5,516,495)-4050.6(0.39)-1871.9(0.96)-2974.3(2.44)-3388.6(427,329)-3905.6(395.2)-3908.4(168,860.950)-2845.2(161)]TJ 54.8354 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(.743)-3469.4(632,446)]TJ -54.8354 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(230 - 240)-3563.3(272,890)-3096.7(4,474,733)-4050.6(0.34)-1871.9(0.75)-2974.3(2.23)-3388.6(362,486)-3905.6(447.7)-3908.4(162,277.947)-2845.2(122)]TJ 54.8354 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(.167)-3469.4(536,479)]TJ -54.8354 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(240 - 250)-3563.3(179,373)-3096.7(3,665,364)-4050.6(0.28)-1871.9(0.58)-2974.3(2.06)-3388.6(310,759)-3905.6(504.6)-3908.4(156,795.328)-3261.8(90.)]TJ 55.03 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(504)-3496.7(459,923)]TJ -55.03 -1.7039 TD 0.0222 Tw [(250 - 260)-3563.3(142,383)-3096.7(3,026,069)-4050.6(0.26)-1871.9(0.53)-2974.3(2.01)-3388.6(267,492)-3905.6(565.9)-3908.4(151,385.406)-3238.9(80.)]TJ 55.0071 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(581)-3519.5(395,888)]TJ -55.0071 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(260 - 270)-3900.9(56,899)-3203(2,487,798)-4050.6(0.14)-1871.9(0.24)-2974.3(1.72)-3388.6(232,400)-3905.6(632.0)-3908.4(146,877.404)-3238.9(35.9)]TJ 55.451 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(60)-3519.5(343,952)]TJ -55.451 -1.7039 TD 0.0222 Tw [(270 - 280)-3900.9(45,215)-3203(2,086,947)-4050.6(0.13)-1871.9(0.22)-2974.3(1.70)-3388.6(203,926)-3905.6(702.9)-3908.4(143,337.689)-3238.9(1.78)]TJ 55.451 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(1)-3963.4(301,810)]TJ -55.451 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(280 - 290)-3900.9(36,486)-3203(1,739,922)-4050.6(0.12)-1871.9(0,20)-2974.3(1.68)-3388.6(178,158)-3905.6(778.8)-3908.4(138,743.710)-3238.9(28.4)]TJ 55.451 0 TD 0.0000 Tw [(14)-3519.5(263,674)]TJ -55.451 -1.7038 TD 0.0222 Tw [(290 - 300)-3900.9(10,598)-3203(1,439,762)-4050.6(0.01)-1871.9(0.01)-2974.3(1.49)]TJ 12.5591 -3.0927 TD 0.0000 Tw [(358,685,618)-15680.8(22,225,731)-9285.6(4,118,266.402)-2048(7,957.672)]TJ T* (Y/f)Tj 5.04 0 0 6.3 217.2281 350.4191 Tm -0.0001 Tc (obs.)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 225.6236 352.2191 Tm [(=17.98)-6777.1(F)]TJ 5.04 0 0 6.3 295.5946 350.4191 Tm (terminal)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 313.8652 352.2191 Tm [(=0.011)-10781.2(Y/f)]TJ 5.04 0 0 6.3 417.0705 350.4191 Tm (esp.)Tj 7.2 0 0 9 425.466 352.2191 Tm (=17.98)Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 107.8337 727.0749 Tm 0.0149 Tc 0.1536 Tw [(T)74(able 2. Cohort Analysis for )]TJ /F8 1 Tf 8.1 0 0 9 209.9194 727.0749 Tm (Oreochromis aureus)Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 282.9825 727.0749 Tm [(in the Infiernillo reservoir)69.7(. Population size \(N\); exploitation)]TJ 22.929 0 TD [( coefficient F\(L\)/Z\(L\), fishing)]TJ -42.39 -1.2 TD 0.0222 Tw (mortality rate F\(L\) and total mortality rate Z\(L\) per length gr)Tj 22.3722 0 TD (oup; mean number of individuals \(Nm\); population removed by nat)Tj 24.9001 0 TD (ural death \(Nd\).)Tj ET 0.000 G 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M []0 d 107.003 708.409 m 588.893 708.409 l S 0.125 w 107.003 669.651 m 588.679 669.651 l 106.461 399.074 m 588.137 399.074 l 106.545 368.923 m 588.222 368.923 l S Q endstream endobj 29 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F8 17 0 R /F9 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 11 0 R >> >> endobj 31 0 obj << /Length 5522 >> stream 1.000 g /GS2 gs 36.000 801.000 m 36.000 801.000 l f q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 79.3819 753.2464 Tm 0.000 g -0.0252 Tc 0.0000 Tw (66)Tj ET 1.000 g 78.382 734.563 233.149 -646.299 re 85.400 753.246 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 79.3819 538.7118 Tm 0.000 g 0.0199 Tc 0.0390 Tw (reported by Jumbe \(1997\) for African dams and reservoirs, in)Tj 0 -1.25 TD 0.0222 Tw (spite of their great potential.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD -0.0007 Tw (In thirty years of existence, the tilapia fishery in Infierni-)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0013 Tw (llo has experienced inefficient management that in one occa-)Tj T* -0.0281 Tw (sion has led to surpass its maximum sustainable yield and can)Tj T* -0.0078 Tw [(be in risk to surpass the new state of equilibrium as Schaefer)70(,)]TJ T* 0.0222 Tw (Fox and Thompson & Bell models showed.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.1054 Tw (Since this fishery started, regulation measures consis-)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0782 Tw (ted of sporadic closed season and the use of gill nets of 8.3)Tj T* 0.1184 Tw (cm mesh size, which catch tilapias when they have not yet)Tj T* 0.1204 Tw (spawned. The first maturity length for )Tj /F8 1 Tf 16.6618 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (O)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.6308 0 TD 0.0198 Tc (. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.6042 0 TD (aureus)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2588 0 TD 0.1203 Tw (is 170 mm,)Tj -21.1557 -1.25 TD 0.0057 Tw (according to Jimnez \(1999\) and the fishing pressure is main-)Tj T* 0.0926 Tw (ly on individuals from 150 to 200 mm standard length accor-)Tj T* 0.0366 Tw (ding to the Cohort Analysis of Jones. These data showed the)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (inadequacy of the current fishing process.)Tj ET 1.000 g 327.122 734.563 233.150 -646.299 re 239.880 349.539 m f* BT 9 0 0 10 347.9646 726.3438 Tm 0.000 g 0.0201 Tw (In spite of the inadequate exploitation process, this tila-)Tj -2.2047 -1.3 TD 0.2036 Tw (pia population still exists. Maybe its reproductive success)Tj T* 0.1062 Tw (has been able to counteract the fishing extraction, but with)Tj T* 0.0879 Tw [(more and more difficulty)36.9(, as the continuous decrease of the)]TJ T* 0.0222 Tw (catch demonstrates.)Tj 2.2047 -2.0587 TD 0.0685 Tw (Individuals longer than 210 mm are caught when a 10.2)Tj -2.2047 -1.35 TD 0.2523 Tw (cm mesh opening is used, according to gillnet selectivity)Tj T* 0.0115 Tw (analysis \(Jimnez, 1999\), so it mesh opening is recommended)Tj T* 0.0099 Tw (in order to protect the reproductive potential of the stock, ai)Tj 25.1835 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (d)Tj -25.1835 -1.35 TD 0.0199 Tc -0.0210 Tw (to recovery its population and to achieve a better yield per re)Tj 25.3505 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (-)Tj -25.3505 -1.35 TD 0.0199 Tc -0.0011 Tw (cruit. Also, a decrease in the fishing effort to five nets per )Tj 24.3469 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (fis-)Tj -24.3469 -1.35 TD 0.0399 Tc 0.3155 Tw (hermen is recommended or at least prohibiting higher)Tj T* 0.0199 Tc 0.0222 Tw (fishermen numbers.)Tj 2.2047 -2.0087 TD 0.1697 Tw [(Moreover)69.7(, it would be recommendable to be cautious)]TJ -2.2047 -1.3 TD -0.0325 Tw (with repopulation programs due to the risk of affecting the ge-)Tj T* 0.0638 Tw (netic pool of the tilapias. The degree of consanguinity in the)Tj T* -0.0090 Tw (Infiernillo is considerable \(Barriga-Sosa )Tj /F8 1 Tf 16.9622 0 TD (et al)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8126 0 TD (., 2004\), because)Tj -18.7748 -1.3 TD 0.0199 Tw (all tilapia introductions have come from a reduced number of)Tj T* 0.0341 Tw (progenitors and the renovation of the stock is null. Therefore)Tj T* 0.0565 Tw (it is advisable to do genetic studies with the objective of im-)Tj T* 0.0318 Tw (proving future genetic and fishing bases to obtain better tila-)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (pia exploitation.)Tj 2.2047 -2.0087 TD 0.0182 Tw (Although the models limitations include the supposition)Tj -2.2047 -1.3 TD 0.0247 Tw [(of constant recruitment and natural mortality)37(, they were use-)]TJ T* 0.0060 Tw (ful in detecting the deteriorated status of the tilapia fishery)Tj 24.6937 0 TD [( in)]TJ -24.6937 -1.3 TD 0.0224 Tw (the Infiernillo reservoir and demonstrating the risk of surpas-)Tj T* 0.1545 Tw [(sing the new point of equilibrium. Consequently)37(, the imple-)]TJ T* 0.0222 Tw (mentation of management rules for this reservoir is urgent.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 493.5808 752.9856 Tm 0.0249 Tc (Jimnez-Badillo, L.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 9 513.3347 66.6834 Tm 0.0000 Tw (Hidrobiolgica)Tj ET 1.000 g 79.147 734.592 233.071 -143.877 re 559.451 66.683 m f* q 229.698 0 0 142.796 80.762 591.38 cm /Im3 Do Q 78.657 590.139 232.973 -24.208 re f* BT /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 79.6566 582.6416 Tm 0.000 g 0.0274 Tc 0.3304 Tw (Figure 3. Fishing pattern at Infiernillo showed heavy fishing)Tj 0 -1.2 TD 0.0249 Tc 0.0222 Tw (pressure on juveniles of tilapia. Fishing mortality rate \(F\).)Tj ET 1.000 g 78.419 326.404 482.127 -214.125 re 279.309 571.842 m f* Q q 1 i 78.419 326.404 482.127 -214.125 re W* n 0.000 g q 425.171 0 0 214.357 106.884 112.166 cm /Im4 Do Q Q q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n 78.657 111.815 482.125 -24.208 re f* BT /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 79.6566 104.3176 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc -0.0201 Tw (Figure 4. Isoplets of yield \(g/recruit\) for )Tj /F8 1 Tf 8.1 0 0 9 216.6743 104.3176 Tm -0.0001 Tc (Oreochromis aureus)Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 284.6708 104.3176 Tm 0.0249 Tc [(in the Infiernillo reservoir)69.6(. Fishery status in 1993 \(P\); maxim)]TJ 22.6951 0 TD (um sustainable yield)Tj -45.4744 -1.2 TD 0.0000 Tw (\(MSY\))Tj ET Q endstream endobj 32 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB ] /Font << /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 17 0 R /F9 18 0 R >> /XObject << /Im3 33 0 R /Im4 34 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 11 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 16146 >> stream 1.000 g /GS2 gs 36.000 801.000 m 36.000 801.000 l f q 1 i 21.689 819.602 623.622 -802.204 re 36.015 800.985 m W n 0.015 837.354 667.261 -837.339 re W n 566.123 762.909 22.495 -16.765 re 36.015 800.985 m f* BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 581.2969 753.2464 Tm 0.000 g -0.0252 Tc 0.0000 Tw (67)Tj ET 1.000 g 106.728 74.091 77.720 -16.750 re 587.315 753.246 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 107.7283 67.3152 Tm 0.000 g 0.0249 Tc 0.0222 Tw [(V)36.9(ol. 14 No. 1 2004)]TJ ET 1.000 g 106.728 734.563 233.150 -646.299 re 171.822 67.315 m f* 355.468 734.563 233.150 -646.299 re f* BT 9 0 0 10 356.4685 726.3438 Tm 0.000 g 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (J)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 360.9685 726.3438 Tm -0.0001 Tc (IMNEZ)Tj 9 0 0 10 383.0921 726.3438 Tm 0.0064 Tw (, B.L. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 402.6866 726.3438 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (1999. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 2.2257 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0065 Tw (Anlisis de la pesquera de tilapia Oreochromis spp)Tj -6.1818 -1.3333 TD 0.0831 Tw (\(Pisces: Cichlidae\) en la presa Adolfo Lpez Mateos, Michoacn-)Tj T* 0.0000 Tw (Guerrero)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.6091 0 TD 0.0270 Tw [(. T)79.7(esis Doctoral del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limno-)]TJ -3.6091 -1.3333 TD 0.0222 Tw (loga. UNAM. Mxico. 180 p. )Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 671.2571 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (J)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 360.9685 671.2571 Tm -0.0001 Tc (IMNEZ)Tj 9 0 0 10 383.0921 671.2571 Tm 0.1401 Tw (, B.L. \()Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 407.5936 671.2571 Tm 0.0000 Tw [(IN)-482.9(PRESS)]TJ 9 0 0 10 435.614 671.2571 Tm 0.0000 Tc (\))Tj 8.1 0 0 9 438.1144 671.2571 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1401 Tw (. Age-growth models for tilapia )Tj /F8 1 Tf 13.2501 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (Oreochromis)Tj -21.5801 -1.3333 TD (aureus)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.0672 0 TD 0.0687 Tw [(\(Perciformes, Cichlidae\) of the Infiernillo reservoir)69.7(, Mexico)]TJ -3.0672 -1.3333 TD 0.0846 Tw [(and reproductive behaviour)69.7(. )]TJ /F8 1 Tf 11.6793 0 TD [(International Journal of T)79.7(ropical Bio-)]TJ -11.6793 -1.3333 TD 0.0222 Tw (logy and Conservation.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 356.4685 616.1705 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (J)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 360.9685 616.1705 Tm -0.0001 Tc (IMNEZ)Tj 9 0 0 10 383.0921 616.1705 Tm 0.1229 Tw (, B.L., R)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 411.7842 616.1705 Tm 0.0000 Tw (AMREZ)Tj 9 0 0 10 437.01 616.1705 Tm 0.1229 Tw (C.C. & O)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 468.7189 616.1705 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (SUNA)Tj 9 0 0 10 488.3236 616.1705 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(P)144.8(.C. )]TJ 8.1 0 0 9 504.1253 616.1705 Tm 0.1230 Tw (2001. Presa Adolfo Lpez)Tj -16.4795 -1.3333 TD 0.0387 Tw (Mateos, Infiernillo. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.7955 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (In:)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.2603 0 TD 0.0387 Tw (Daz de Len A. y Cisneros M.M. \(Eds.\) )Tj /F8 1 Tf 15.8558 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (Sus-)Tj -24.9117 -1.3333 TD 0.0184 Tw [(tentabilidad y Pesca Responsable en Mxico: Evaluacin y Mane-)]TJ T* 0.0221 Tw [(jo 1999-2000)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.8496 0 TD (. Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. Mexico. 851-874 pp.)Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 561.0839 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (J)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 360.9685 561.0839 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ONES)Tj 9 0 0 10 376.7211 561.0839 Tm -0.0001 Tw (, R. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 389.7125 561.0839 Tm 0.0000 Tw (1984. Assessing the effects of changes in exploitation pattern)Tj -2.3544 -1.3333 TD -0.0265 Tw [(using length composition data \(with notes on VP)49.7(A and cohort ana)]TJ 25.7885 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (ly-)Tj -25.7885 -1.3333 TD 0.0222 Tw [(sis\). F)36.8(AO )]TJ /F8 1 Tf 3.7263 0 TD 0.0000 Tc [(Fisheries T)79.8(echnical Paper)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.5931 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (256: 118.)Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 517.9973 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (J)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 360.9685 517.9973 Tm -0.0001 Tc (UREZ)Tj 9 0 0 10 379.7171 517.9973 Tm 0.0578 Tw [(, P)144.7(.R. )]TJ 8.1 0 0 9 399.4484 517.9973 Tm 0.0579 Tw (1995. Presa Infiernillo Adolfo Lpez Mateos. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 18.0043 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (In)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.7778 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0579 Tw (: E.G. De la)Tj -22.3385 -1.3333 TD 0.1816 Tw (Lanza y Garca. J.L. \(Compiladores\). )Tj /F8 1 Tf 15.345 0 TD (Lagos y Presas de Mxico)Tj /F3 1 Tf 11.2203 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (.)Tj -26.5653 -1.3333 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Centro de Ecologa y Desarrollo. Mxico. 320 p.)Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 474.9107 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (J)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 360.9685 474.9107 Tm -0.0002 Tc (UMBE)Tj 9 0 0 10 378.2109 474.9107 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0169 Tw (, J.J. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 397.5005 474.9107 Tm [(1997. 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Bangkok, Thailand, 4-9 August 1986)Tj 26.5652 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (.)Tj -26.5652 -1.3556 TD -0.0002 Tc [(F)36.8(AO )]TJ /F8 1 Tf 1.8728 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0222 Tw (Fisheries Report)Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.7628 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (371 )Tj /F8 1 Tf 1.5757 0 TD 0.0000 Tc (Supplement)Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.7776 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0221 Tw (, 258.)Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 246.4777 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (R)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 361.4716 246.4776 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EMANE)Tj 9 0 0 10 382.468 246.4776 Tm -0.0226 Tw (, K. \(E)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 402.0533 246.4776 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (D)Tj 9 0 0 10 406.1764 246.4776 Tm -0.0002 Tc (.\) )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 412.4677 246.4776 Tm (1997)Tj 9 0 0 10 426.8483 246.4776 Tm 0.0000 Tc (.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 8.1 0 0 9 430.4598 246.4777 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0226 Tw (African Inland Fisheries Aquaculture and the En-)Tj -7.385 -1.3556 TD 0.0000 Tw (vironment)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.9983 0 TD 0.0222 Tw (. Fishing News Books. Oxford, London.385 p.)Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 214.9911 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (R)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 361.4716 214.9911 Tm -0.0002 Tc (OSAS)Tj 9 0 0 10 377.2226 214.9911 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0506 Tw (, M.M. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 403.1101 214.9911 Tm 0.0507 Tw (1976. Sobre la existencia de un nemtodo parsito de ti-)Tj -4.0084 -1.3556 TD 0.0903 Tw (lapia nilotica \()Tj /F8 1 Tf 5.7895 0 TD (Goezia spp. Goeziidae)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.9553 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (\).)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.8119 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0902 Tw (Memorias del Simposio so-)Tj -15.5567 -1.3555 TD 0.0760 Tw (bre pesqueras en aguas continentales)Tj /F3 1 Tf 15.8537 0 TD [(. INP/SIC. Mxico. T)89.7(omo II,)]TJ -15.8537 -1.3556 TD 0.0221 Tw (239-270 p.)Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 159.1045 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (S)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 361.4716 159.1045 Tm -0.0002 Tc (AILA)Tj 9 0 0 10 374.5892 159.1045 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0426 Tw (, B., P)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 395.8436 159.1045 Tm 0.0000 Tw (RAGER)Tj 9 0 0 10 417.3505 159.1045 Tm 0.0426 Tw [(H. & W)49.7(.)0( R)]TJ 6.75 0 0 7.5 452.5433 159.1045 Tm 0.0000 Tw (ECKSIEK)Tj 9 0 0 10 476.178 159.1045 Tm -0.0002 Tc (. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 480.5562 159.1045 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0426 Tw (1988. Basic Fishery Science Pro-)Tj -13.5697 -1.3556 TD 0.0858 Tw (grams: a compendium of microcomputer programs and manual of)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (operation. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co. Bronxville, New Y)Tj 24.6862 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (ork.)Tj 9 0 0 10 356.4685 115.4179 Tm 0.0000 Tc (S)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 361.4716 115.4178 Tm -0.0001 Tc (CHAEFER)Tj 9 0 0 10 386.9685 115.4178 Tm -0.0290 Tw (, M. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 401.9315 115.4178 Tm (1954. Some aspects of the dynamics of populations impor-)Tj -3.8629 -1.3555 TD 0.0307 Tw (tant to the management of the commercial marine fisheries. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 24.3229 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (Bulle-)Tj -24.3229 -1.3556 TD 0.0221 Tw [(tin I-A)73.9(TTC/Bol. CIA)73.9(T)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.8944 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (, 1\(2\):27-56.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 107.7283 752.7076 Tm 0.0249 Tc (Management of tilapia reservoir in fisheries)Tj ET 1.000 g 106.728 734.563 233.150 -646.580 re 244.414 752.708 m f* BT /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 127.5709 726.3438 Tm 0.000 g 0.0199 Tc -0.0235 Tw (The tilapia fishery in Infiernillo faces similar problems as)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0382 Tw (the tilapia fishery around the world, according to Petr \(1987\),)Tj T* 0.0000 Tw (Ochumba )Tj /F8 1 Tf 4.4371 0 TD 0.2224 Tw (et al.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7503 0 TD (\(1992\), Crul and Roest \(1995\) and Remane)Tj -7.1874 -1.25 TD 0.2687 Tw (\(1997\). Therefore the methodological sequence used here)Tj T* -0.0193 Tw (may be useful for evaluating other reservoir fisheries, monito-)Tj T* 0.0986 Tw [(ring changes in the fishing intensity)36.9(, predicting fish produc-)]TJ T* 0.0222 Tw (tion and proposing their precautionary management.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0326 Tc 0.3202 Tw (Finally some considerations about the models are:)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0493 Tw (Schaefer and Fox models are based on the inversely propor-)Tj T* 0.0894 Tw (tional relations between catch per unit effort and effort, but)Tj T* 0.1327 Tw (the first considers a certain effort level in which catch per)Tj T* 0.0485 Tw (unit effort is zero, while in Fox model, catch per unit effort )Tj 24.9977 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (is)Tj -24.9977 -1.25 TD -0.0011 Tw (larger than zero for any value of effort. Therefore the electio)Tj 25.1836 0 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (n)Tj -25.1836 -1.25 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.0460 Tw (between these models is only important when relatively high)Tj T* 0.2921 Tw [(effort values are observed \(Sparre & V)36.9(enema 1995\). The)]TJ T* 0.0801 Tw [(analytical models are complementary)36.9(, while Cohort Analysis)]TJ T* -0.0138 Tw (gives a detailed feature of the stock, Beverton and Holt model)Tj T* 0.0511 Tw (produces results in terms of yield per recruit, and Thompson)Tj T* 0.0447 Tw (and Bell throw absolute values of yield and incorporate eco-)Tj T* -0.0179 Tw [(nomic value of the fishery)36.9(. All of them are usefully to foreca)]TJ 24.9416 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (st)Tj -24.9416 -1.25 TD 0.0222 Tw (the stock status subject to different fishing patterns.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 171.9626 432.7336 Tm 0.0000 Tw (ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 127.5709 413.147 Tm -0.0279 Tw (This research was sponsored by the National Institute of)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD 0.0222 Tw (Fisheries \(INP\) of Mexico.)Tj 2.2047 -1.9587 TD 0.0143 Tw (I am grateful to Claudio Osuna and Casimiro Ramrez for)Tj -2.2047 -1.25 TD -0.0080 Tw (their valuable help and encouragement during the field stage.)Tj T* 0.0222 Tw (They improved the manuscript with useful comments)Tj /F2 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 192.7263 318.8368 Tm 0.0249 Tc 0.0000 Tw (REFERENCES)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 107.7283 299.7502 Tm 0.0000 Tc (B)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 113.2259 299.7502 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ARRIGA)Tj 9 0 0 10 134.9753 299.7502 Tm -0.0003 Tc (-S)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 142.9733 299.7502 Tm -0.0002 Tc (OSA)Tj 9 0 0 10 154.972 299.7502 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0024 Tw (, I.D.L.A., J)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 192.8982 299.7502 Tm 0.0000 Tw (IMNEZ)Tj 9 0 0 10 216.9979 299.7502 Tm -0.0024 Tw (B.L., I)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 236.9586 299.7502 Tm 0.0000 Tw (BAEZ)Tj 9 0 0 10 258.4331 299.7502 Tm -0.0024 Tw (A.L. & A)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 287.3726 299.7502 Tm 0.0000 Tw (RREDONDO)Tj 9 0 0 10 321.2231 299.7502 Tm [(F)91.9(.J.L.)]TJ 8.1 0 0 9 121.9016 287.7502 Tm 0.2069 Tw [(2004. V)36.8(ariability of tilapias introduced to Mexico: morphometri)]TJ 26.0652 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (c,)Tj -26.0652 -1.3333 TD 0.1752 Tw (meristic and genetic characters. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 13.9174 0 TD (Journal of Applied Ichthyology)Tj /F3 1 Tf -13.9174 -1.3333 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (20\(1\):7-14 )Tj 9 0 0 10 107.7283 244.6636 Tm 0.0000 Tc (B)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 113.2259 244.6636 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EVERTON)Tj 9 0 0 10 139.4808 244.6636 Tm -0.0233 Tw (, R. J. & H)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 173.6259 244.6636 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.0000 Tw [(OL)59.5(T)]TJ 9 0 0 10 185.5037 244.6636 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0233 Tw (S. J. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 202.5762 244.6636 Tm (1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish po-)Tj -9.9598 -1.3333 TD 0.0691 Tw (pulations. Fisheries Investigation. Ministry of Agriculture Fis)Tj 24.2886 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (heries)Tj -24.2886 -1.3333 TD 0.0000 Tc 0.0221 Tw (and Food. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 4.154 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sea Fisheries \(Ser)69.7(.2\))]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.4366 0 TD (19: 533.)Tj 9 0 0 10 107.7283 201.577 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (C)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 112.7315 201.577 Tm -0.0002 Tc (RUL)Tj 9 0 0 10 123.6029 201.577 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0039 Tw (, R.C. & R)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 156.7027 201.577 Tm 0.0000 Tw (OEST)Tj 9 0 0 10 173.36 201.577 Tm 0.0038 Tw [(F)91.8(.C. \(E)]TJ 6.75 0 0 7.5 194.5585 201.577 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.0000 Tw (DS)Tj 9 0 0 10 202.434 201.577 Tm -0.0001 Tc (.\). )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 210.9609 201.577 Tm 0.0038 Tw (1995. Current status of the fisheries and)Tj -10.995 -1.3333 TD 0.2002 Tw (fish stocks of the four largest African reservoirs: Kainji, Kar)Tj 25.3435 0 TD 0.0000 Tw (iba,)Tj -25.3435 -1.3333 TD 0.0222 Tw [(Nasser/Nubia and V)36.8(olta. )]TJ /F8 1 Tf 10.0272 0 TD [(CIF)36.8(A T)79.7(echnical Paper)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.8365 0 TD (30: 135. )Tj 9 0 0 10 107.7283 158.4904 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (F)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 111.7229 158.4905 Tm -0.0003 Tc (OX)Tj 9 0 0 10 119.5984 158.4905 Tm -0.0498 Tc 0.1086 Tw [(,)-49.7( W.)-49.6(W.)-49.6( )]TJ 8.1 0 0 9 145.75 158.4905 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0590 Tw (1970. An exponential surplus-yield model for optimising ex-)Tj -2.9442 -1.3333 TD 0.0308 Tw (ploited fish populations. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 9.8107 0 TD [(T)79.7(ransaction of the American Fisheries So-)]TJ -9.8107 -1.3333 TD 0.0000 Tw (ciety)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.1877 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0222 Tw (99: 80-88.)Tj 9 0 0 10 107.7283 115.4038 Tm 0.0000 Tc 0.0000 Tw (G)Tj 6.75 0 0 7.5 113.2259 115.4038 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ULLAND)Tj 9 0 0 10 136.0894 115.4038 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1305 Tw (, J.A. )Tj 8.1 0 0 9 158.4224 115.4038 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0000 Tw (1966. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 2.3497 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1305 Tw (Manual de Mtodos de Muestreo y Estadsticos)Tj -6.8585 -1.3333 TD 0.1344 Tw (para la Biologa Pesquera)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10.7325 0 TD (. Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas)Tj -10.7325 -1.3333 TD 0.0222 Tw (para la Agricultura y la Alimentacin. 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